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BEE
Backend Engineering Essentials

[BEE-3] Glossary

INFO

Common terms used across BEE documents.

Authentication & Security

TermDefinition
Authentication (AuthN)Verifying the identity of a user or system
Authorization (AuthZ)Determining what an authenticated entity is allowed to do
JWTJSON Web Token -- a compact, self-contained token for transmitting claims
OAuth 2.0An authorization framework for delegated access
RBACRole-Based Access Control -- permissions assigned to roles, roles assigned to users
ABACAttribute-Based Access Control -- permissions based on attributes of user, resource, and environment

Networking & API

TermDefinition
RESTRepresentational State Transfer -- an architectural style for networked applications
gRPCA high-performance RPC framework using Protocol Buffers
IdempotencyThe property that an operation produces the same result regardless of how many times it is applied
Load BalancerA component that distributes incoming requests across multiple backend servers
Reverse ProxyA server that forwards client requests to backend servers

Architecture

TermDefinition
MicroservicesAn architecture where an application is composed of small, independently deployable services
MonolithAn architecture where the entire application is deployed as a single unit
Modular MonolithA monolith with well-defined internal module boundaries
CQRSCommand Query Responsibility Segregation -- separate models for reads and writes
DDDDomain-Driven Design -- modeling software around the business domain
Bounded ContextA DDD concept defining the boundary within which a particular domain model applies

Data & Storage

TermDefinition
ACIDAtomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability -- transaction properties
CAP TheoremA distributed system can guarantee at most two of: Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance
Eventual ConsistencyA consistency model where replicas converge to the same state over time
ShardingDistributing data across multiple databases based on a partition key
ReplicationCopying data across multiple database instances

Runtime & Reliability

TermDefinition
Circuit BreakerA pattern that prevents cascading failures by stopping requests to a failing service
BackpressureA mechanism for a consumer to signal a producer to slow down
SLOService Level Objective -- a target value for a service level indicator
Error BudgetThe allowed amount of unreliability within an SLO period
Dead Letter QueueA queue for messages that cannot be processed successfully